Question bank

An operations specialist reviewed March advertising data and found that Wednesday's conversion rate was noticeably higher than other days, so they recommended 'investing the entire budget in Wednesdays from now on' and planned to execute the next week directly. According to the five-step induction method, which step is most lacking in this analysis?

The project team has had delivery delays for two consecutive weeks. The lead proposes three hypotheses: unclear task descriptions, insufficient test environment resources, and priority conflicts with another project. Which of the following approaches is both the lowest cost and most effective in distinguishing among these hypotheses?

An e-commerce company noticed that the repeat purchase rate among new customers within three months of their first order dropped from 38% to 31%. The marketing department concluded: "New customer quality has deteriorated, and we should reduce advertising spend." Using the five-step inductive method to evaluate this, which of the following approaches or judgments is most reasonable?

At a management meeting, the sales director proposes: "Any region where the market is growing rapidly should immediately expand its sales team. East China has grown quickly this year, so East China should immediately expand its team." Someone challenges the first principle itself. Which criticism most effectively shows that this major premise is unreliable?

Sales performance in a region has declined for three consecutive months, and the regional manager initially believes that "sales staff are insufficiently motivated." He wants to test this judgment using the hypothesis method. Which two of the following approaches meet the course requirements?

A company policy states: all new software development projects must complete requirements validation before approval. The product department argues: next quarter's customer appreciation event is a newly launched project, so it must also complete requirements validation. Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

Xiao Zhou announced he was switching careers to data analysis. Within six months, he bought five online courses and posted daily on social media: "Learned another three hours today." When friends asked him: What counts as a successful transition? What visible changes in ability should be seen after six months? How often does he plan to review progress? He couldn't answer any of these, only saying "I've been working hard." According to the seven-step checklist, which steps are at least missing from this plan?

Ms. Lin's snack shop business is steady. The agent said, "The same-sized storefront on the neighboring street costs 2,000 less per month in rent." She calculated that she could save 24,000 a year and signed a three-year lease that very day. After moving, most of her regular customers did not follow her, the new location had sparse foot traffic, and her monthly revenue dropped by nearly 6,000. She estimates it will take two years to rebuild her customer base. Against the seven-step checklist for important choices, which step did she mainly miss?

Ms. Qin is a financial advisor who wants the industry and her clients to see her as a steady, detail-oriented person. Her social media is filled with photos of luxury unboxings, vacations, and late-night parties, with almost no professional content. A friend reminds her, "That's a bit inconsistent with your persona," and she replies, "Those who understand me will understand." Which evaluation is most accurate?

In the owners' group chat, a homeowner demanded to know why the elevator repair had been delayed for three weeks. The property manager replied, "The adjacent community has piled clutter all over its fire escape lanes—why don't you go and criticize them?" What is the primary error in the manager's reply as an analogy?

At the quarterly meeting, employee Xiao Li pointed out that the new attendance system easily harms colleagues who work in the field. The HR manager responded, "The company is like a family; a son doesn't dislike his mother's ugliness. Since you receive a salary, you shouldn't criticize the company in public." What is the main logical problem with the manager's analogy?

At a procurement review meeting, the supervisor proposed signing the contract for a certain system directly, citing that "all leading enterprises are using it." A member suggested conducting a compatibility assessment first, but the supervisor retorted, "Leading enterprises have already validated it — why doubt it?" Which of the following evaluations are most accurate?

A colleague advises you: "I bought an apartment in Linjiang New District two years ago and made a 40% profit. You should also invest the money you've saved for your wedding in the same neighborhood—the apartments are identical, and our incomes are similar." You want to use the four-step method to evaluate this argument. Which of the following identifies a key difference that would change the conclusion?

The customer service director of a software company proposes borrowing the airline industry's "proactive compensation for flight delays" mechanism. Xiao Li says: "We and the airlines are both in the service industry, both have apps, and both have young employees, so the approach can definitely be transferred." Xiao Wang argues that they should first distinguish which similarities are truly relevant to the conclusion. Which analysis is the most accurate?

Company policy requires servers to be sourced from vendors that have passed security review. In this round, only Vendor A and Vendor B have passed, and their solutions are mutually exclusive, so only one can be chosen. Purchasing agent Xiao Li says, "We can only choose one of the two." Colleague Xiao Zhang retorts, "This is a classic false dilemma!" Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

At a company press conference, a user asks: "Why does the new system's actual list of charges include three more items than what was publicly announced?" The spokesperson replies: "What is your intention in asking this? Are you sent by our competitors to smear us?" Another user says: "Even if he were indeed sent by competitors, the extra charges still need an explanation." Which of the following evaluations are the most accurate?

At a departmental meeting, someone proposes simplifying the reimbursement process. The manager says: "This process has been used for ten years and nothing major has ever gone wrong, and the company's performance has been growing steadily these years, so it proves there's no problem and no need to change." Which of the following evaluations is the most accurate?

At a review meeting, Xiao Li questions the basis for a new supplier's quotation. The supervisor says, 'Director Wang personally set this plan; he has been in procurement for twenty years. Just listen to him.' Xiao Li wants to continue discussing the plan itself. Which evaluation is the most accurate?

At a company press conference, someone asked: The head of the winning supplier is reportedly related to the procurement director—how can the fairness of this bid evaluation be guaranteed? The spokesperson replied: By asking such a question, are you taking money from competitors? Everyone can see your intentions. Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

A wife says to her husband: "You never care about the kids—you're so selfish. You forgot my birthday last time, and you were late for the family trip last year. You clearly don't care about this family at all. I want you to completely change your attitude." From the perspective of structured communication, what problems does this statement have?

At a department meeting, Xiao Zhou asked the manager: “Why hasn’t the adjusted performance bonus plan been announced yet?” The manager replied: “Our department had the best performance in the company last year, the new office will open next month, and employee satisfaction has been rising for three consecutive quarters.” Which of the following evaluations is the most accurate?

At the quarterly review meeting, Xiao Zhou reports: customer complaints have increased by 30% quarter-over-quarter, with 80% of them concentrated on delayed shipments; two warehouse staff recently left; the error rate for order entry has risen to 4% after the new system launch; the sales department complains that the travel expense reimbursement process is too slow; two major clients are urging early delivery. The leader asks: 'What exactly do you want me to decide?' Which of the following is most suitable as Xiao Zhou's one-sentence conclusion?

In a customer churn review meeting, Xiao Zheng categorized the reasons why long-standing clients did not renew into three groups: product issues, service issues, and after-sales issues. The supervisor reviewed records and found that many clients complained about both slow response and difficult returns/exchanges, with the same record fitting into both 'service' and 'after-sales' categories. Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

During a rehearsal for a competitive presentation, the mentor pointed out that the title 'Sales Situation in East China' on Xiao Chen's slide was not up to standard and asked him to rewrite it as a complete judgment that lets the evaluators see his stance at a glance. Which of the following revisions best meets the requirement?

At Wednesday's review meeting, product manager Zhou reported: 'I suggest postponing the new product launch to September. First, factory capacity won't ramp up until August; second, competitors already launched similar features last month, so rushing to market has limited value; third, the new office will be completed in October, and our team will be more efficient then.' Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

At a company meeting, the general manager announces: "From now on, I will personally make every decision, big or small. Discussion wastes time; fast execution is true efficiency." Initially, orders are executed quickly. Projecting the chain of consequences several months later, which option is most accurate?

When procurement manager Lao Zhou negotiates with suppliers, he always pushes prices to the limit and shifts all inventory and default risks onto the other party, winning every negotiation. A year later, suppliers quote him higher prices than they do for new customers, and their cooperation noticeably declines. Which adjustment below best avoids this backlash?

At a review meeting, someone supports a new regulation by saying: 'Raising the bar for dismissals makes current employees' positions more secure, so the new regulation ensures job security.' The moderator asks him to continue reasoning. At which level of logic does his analysis currently stop?

A company, to save costs, replaced all customer service hotlines with robots. In its calculation, it only compared robot costs with human wages and concluded it saves 30,000 yuan per month. Following multi-level logic, which stakeholder's behavioral change is most overlooked in this calculation?

A department manager mandates that all work group messages must be replied to within ten minutes. In the first week, everyone replies instantly, and the manager is very satisfied. The decision is then made to promote this rule company-wide. Following multi-level logical deduction, what is most likely to happen next?

A courier service outlet saw complaints rise by 40% this month compared to last month, concentrated on delivery delays. The manager precisely defined the outcome, listed three possible causes—insufficient staff, route adjustments, and weather impacts—and drew a cause chain. He then decided to trial a new scheduling plan in one adjacent district next month while leaving other districts unchanged. According to the six-step causal analysis method, which step is still missing before he makes this decision?

A water purifier company noticed a decline in its closing rate. The person in charge hypothesized that the main cause was the long installation lead time, and in one major region he piloted "installation within 48 hours after reservation" while keeping other conditions as unchanged as possible. Two months later, the closing rate in that region recovered, but during the same period the largest competitor happened to withdraw from the local market. In his report, he said, "The long installation lead time is the main cause, and the verification can be concluded." Which of the following evaluations is the most accurate?

The customer service department defined the problem as "the number of customer complaints in the East China region has risen 30% for two consecutive months," listed three causes (unstable scheduling, outdated systems, insufficient training) and completed the causal chain, and also verified one by one the phenomena that should accompany each cause. Then he directly promoted the new training system to all six major regions. Which of the following evaluations is the most accurate?

A software company's customer renewal rate has declined for two consecutive quarters. During a meeting, layered questioning reveals three situations: customers complain 'the price is too expensive'; many contracts have no one following up in the month before expiration; renewal performance is not part of anyone's evaluation, and expiration reminders rely solely on individual account managers' memory, with no automatic system trigger. Which of the following statements are correct?

HR found that job postings published as short videos received notably more resumes, and the recruiting manager proposed converting all postings to short-video format. To test whether the short-video format itself attracts more applications, what is the next step that should be taken?

A hospital's statistics show that departments with more complaints also have doctors who attend more doctor-patient communication training hours. The director says: 'The more training, the more complaints; training is counterproductive and should be cancelled immediately.' Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

The department's travel expenses have exceeded the budget for three consecutive quarters. At the meeting, the manager said, "These young people are naturally spendthrift and can only be corrected by fines." The supervisor added: "Currently, travel expenses are fully covered by the company, so any savings have no bearing on employees' personal interests." Which of the following measures is most likely to change the mechanism that repeatedly produces waste?

Lao Zhang's noodle shop changed its menu at the beginning of March, and that month's customer flow dropped by 20%. He concluded that the new menu drove customers away and decided to switch back to the old menu immediately. A neighbor reminded him that road construction started on that street at the beginning of March, and pedestrian traffic visibly decreased. Which evaluation is the most accurate?

A customer service supervisor wants to find out why customers churn, but only surveyed 20 long-standing customers who renewed this year. All expressed satisfaction, and he immediately reported to the boss: "Customer churn has nothing to do with our service." What is the most significant problem with this survey?

During the quarterly review meeting, the operations lead proposed: According to company policy, any region where customer density reaches the service threshold and the cost of covering remote areas is higher than the cost of local service should establish a local service outlet; data show that customer density in this region has reached the threshold, therefore this region should establish a service outlet. Which of the following evaluations of this argument is most accurate?

A company plans to pilot a four-day workweek in two departments, and the HR director requires that exit conditions be set in advance. Which of the following, if used as an exit condition, is the most testable and binding?

At the quarterly summary meeting, the sales manager said: "Experience shows that if clients are very satisfied, they will renew their contracts. This year, our long-time client Mr. Wang renewed for another three years, which shows that Mr. Wang is very satisfied with our service." Which of the following evaluations is the most accurate?

Company policy: orders exceeding 1 million yuan must be approved by the general manager. Xiao Zhao's order is 800,000 yuan, and he signed the contract directly without seeking the general manager's approval, reasoning: 'My order doesn't exceed 1 million, so it doesn't need the general manager's approval.' Which evaluation is the most accurate?

At an operations meeting, a manager reports: "The new version of the app has been live for a week, and the average daily usage time per user has increased from 20 minutes to 28 minutes. This shows the update was very successful." Which of the following is the most reasonable "alternative explanation" for this conclusion?

In the homeowners' group chat, a neighbor recommends a certain early childhood education institution: "The advertisement says that ten celebrities send their children to classes there. This is the best early childhood education institution, and our family is also planning to enroll." You want to verify before deciding. Which of the following evidence most directly supports the claim that "this is the best institution"?

A team leader wants to increase project delivery by 20% next quarter and decides to cancel all weekly meetings, reasoning that 'everyone is too busy, and meetings waste time.' Employees initially feel relieved, but a month later, cross-departmental collaboration frequently goes wrong, and delivery slows down. According to the important choice checklist, which step was most likely omitted in this decision?

Wang Jie said in the staff group: "The company's old policy states that employees with ten years of service receive a long-service award. I have completed ten years, so the company must give me this award." HR replied: That policy was abolished three years ago; the new scheme uses a points-exchange system. Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

A woman repeatedly posts photos of luxury restaurants, designer bags, and nightclub parties on a dating platform profile, saying she wants a partner who is steady, moderate, and responsible. After a while, most of the people who ask her out are those who seek excitement and flashy consumption. Which evaluation is the most accurate?

A department head emphasized at a meeting that 'everyone should save company funds,' but afterward, he ordered high-end office furniture for himself and insisted on staying at luxury hotels during business trips. Employees are privately discussing this. Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

A manager says: "We and that peer company both make electronic products, and their offices are also equipped with coffee machines, so we can simply copy their online sales strategy." Which of the following evaluations of this statement is most accurate?

Li Ming's parents, whose child is in the final year of high school, say to him: "You either choose finance as your major, or you earn your own living expenses from now on." Li Ming wants to respond using the three-question breaking method learned in the course. Which of the following responses is most appropriate?

The principal said to Teacher Wang, who had proposed a teaching improvement plan: "Are you on the side of our school, or on the side of the rival school?" Which of the following responses by Teacher Wang most effectively dismantles this false dilemma?

A company plans to launch a customer management system. The department head says, "Top companies in the industry are all using this system, and it is recommended by a well-known expert, so we should definitely use it too." Which of the following two evaluations are the most accurate?

The wife asks, "Have you been caring only about work lately, not about the family?" The husband responds, "You just think I don't earn enough." Which of the following evaluations is the most accurate?

A wife says to her husband: "You've been late to pick up the kids the last three times you promised." The husband replies: "You're really making a big deal out of this—do you want me to quit my job and become a stay-at-home dad?" Question: What logical fallacy is the husband's response mainly committing?

At a parent-teacher meeting, a parent asks the homeroom teacher: "Why was the weekly reading class canceled this semester?" The teacher replies: "Our class won first place in the grade-level math competition, and the school's newly renovated library has doubled its collection." Question: Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

At a review meeting, the supervisor points out: "The data sources in several places in the plan are not clearly marked." Xiao Li replies: "I do not disagree with the direction of improvement, but I do not accept this way of criticism that calls me out publicly and leaves no room for dignity." The supervisor says: "Not accepting criticism means you don't want to improve." What logical error does the supervisor's rebuttal commit?

At a company operations meeting, the head says: “Over the past 12 months our customer renewal rate has been stable at around 92%, but this quarter it suddenly dropped to 85%. Please have each team analyze the reasons and propose countermeasures.” If this statement were to be fully organized according to SCQA, which component is most clearly missing?

A local regulation requires companies to pay full salaries to female employees on maternity leave, extending the leave from 3 months to 6 months, with the cost borne entirely by the company. From a multi-level logical perspective, what is the most likely consequence of this policy?

The renovation contract for Old Zhang's house states: "The project is considered complete when the walls are smooth, free of hollow areas, and water and electrical tests pass." When the work was finished, the contractor said: "Overall it's done, more or less ready for acceptance." Old Zhang tapped three walls with a hollow-detection hammer and found two hollow areas. Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

A company keeps receiving customer complaints about late deliveries. An investigation found that the warehouse indeed did not ship on time; further investigation revealed that the warehouse did not receive a complete order; the sales, finance, and warehouse departments each used different forms, and after order changes there was no unified update. Which of the following judgments are correct?

After a husband forgot their wedding anniversary twice in a row, his wife said, "You never care about this family." The husband responded defensively, "I work so hard, isn't it for this family?" Based on this conversation, which of the following evaluations are the most accurate?

Manager Wang believes remote work is inefficient. He asked his assistant to compile all delayed projects and found that seven out of ten occurred during remote work periods, so he concluded that remote work caused the decrease in efficiency. What should be questioned next?

A mall distributes questionnaires at its complaint desk, and most respondents express dissatisfaction. Based on this, the manager concludes that customers are generally dissatisfied with the mall. Which of the following evaluations is most accurate?

At a weekly meeting, Manager Zhao said, "The root cause of the project delay last time is the team's poor execution. Look, they always submit things only at the deadline." Someone reminded him that Xiao Liu had delivered three days early this time. Manager Zhao said, "Delivering early just shows he was procrastinating before; he only pretended to work hard this time because he feared the assessment." Question: Which of the following competitive hypothesis fallacies does Manager Zhao's judgment best exemplify?

Mr. Liu proposed: "Last year, during the short-term promotion, sales increased by 20%, so this time investing another 5 million in short-term promotions will definitely boost annual performance." From the perspective of the five-step logical closure method, what does this plan most lack?

General Manager Zhang proposes opening a branch in a new city. He sets the general principle: "A city with potential is worth establishing a presence in," then only cites favorable data such as large local population and big market, while remaining silent on the facts of two strong competitors and high cross-province management costs. From the perspective of the five-step logical closure method, what is the main problem with this report?

At the weekly administrative department meeting, the manager announced: 'This year, office expenses must be reduced; save wherever possible.' A month later, he approved the purchase of an automated production line that can increase productivity. Some employees privately commented that the manager was not keeping his word and was contradicting himself. From the perspective of the law of contradiction, what is the most accurate judgment?

A parent says, “For a child to improve grades, they must work hard. Therefore, if they work hard, their grades will certainly improve.” What is the logical error in this reasoning?

Xiao Li reports to his supervisor: "I think the client doesn't like our new proposal, so we must switch back to the old one." When the supervisor asks "What did the client say?", Xiao Li admits it was just his impression: "Because the client took three days longer than usual to reply to our email this time." Applying the three-step argument check, which type of evidence does Xiao Li most need to add?

A husband says to his wife, “Our friend Lao Wang’s family used a ‘parent-child agreement chart’ and their child’s homework procrastination noticeably decreased. If we use this method, it will surely solve our child’s procrastination problem too.” The wife replies, “That’s not necessarily true—our child’s situation is different from theirs.” Which of the following statements are correct?

At the weekly meeting, Xiao Li said: "We surveyed customers in the East China region and found that they value after-sales service more. Therefore, all customers nationwide value after-sales service more, and we should immediately shift our promotional focus to after-sales." Lao Zhang from the sales department retorted: "The East China data is only based on 50 questionnaires, and they all come from just three major clients. You can't generalize like that." Which of the following statements are correct?

Neighbor Aunt Wang was scammed out of 500 yuan in an online purchase. She tells everyone she meets: "I'll never trust online shopping again—everything sold online is fake, and there are no honest online merchants." Given the lack of evidence, what can this statement currently be called at most?

At the dinner table, the wife looks over the report card and says: "The child only scored 72 on this month's math exam, 20 points lower than last time. He must not want to study anymore. This score is so embarrassing. Starting tomorrow, all his extracurricular activities have to be cancelled." Which of the following statements is an interpretation or evaluation of the facts, that is, an opinion?

Which of the following situations is most suitable for applying the law of excluded middle?

A software company submits a project to a client, and the contract states, "The system must support daily automatic backups." The development lead reports: "The backup feature is basically implemented and generally usable, please proceed with acceptance." According to the law of excluded middle, what is the most appropriate action for the client's on-site manager?

The family is planning to replace their air conditioner. The wife says: "This year we need to save money, so we shouldn't buy such an expensive air conditioner." The husband says: "This air conditioner is expensive, but it's first-class energy efficient, saves electricity in the long run, and our current one has been used for eight years with rising maintenance costs." Analyzing with the law of contradiction, what is the relationship between their statements?

After reviewing the proposal, the client said, "The proposal is very valuable," but postponed the signing three times in a row. Xiao Wang reported to his leader, "The client is just playing games with us; all their earlier words were polite formalities." From the perspective of the contradiction method, what problem exists with Xiao Wang's judgment?

A couple is discussing their child's education. The husband says, "The child's grades are dropping; we must reduce extracurricular activities and focus on studying." The wife says, "The child needs all-round development; we can't just focus on grades." The husband angrily responds, "If you don't want the child to have good grades, you're not responsible for the child's future!" From the perspective of the law of identity, what is the problem with the husband's statement?

A company is discussing how to improve customer satisfaction. Jia says: "We should increase the number of customer service staff to shorten response time." Yi says: "Customer satisfaction depends on the repurchase rate, so we should focus on follow-up visits with existing customers." Bing says: "Customer satisfaction means customers are willing to recommend us, so we should implement a referral reward program." The three argue more and more intensely, but cannot reach an agreement. From the perspective of the law of identity, where is the most likely source of the problem?

A wife says to her husband, "Our utility bill this month is 200 yuan more than last month's. It must be because the kids are on vacation and have the air conditioning on all day, so from now on, we'll only allow the air conditioning to be on for two hours a day." In this statement, which one represents a "fact"?

A review board is discussing a pilot program to "allow clients to defer payment by 15 days." Speaker A says: "Once we allow it for one client, all clients will follow suit, cash flow will inevitably collapse, and the proposal must be rejected." Speaker B says: "The payment-term data show that about 60% of clients would use the deferral, cash reserves can cover a two-month delay, and if the deferral exceeds 60 days an early-warning mechanism suspends the policy." Which of the following judgments is correct?

During a community meeting about whether to add a pet activity area, one resident says: "If we agree to build a pet area today, tomorrow someone will demand a basketball court and a swimming pool, and eventually the whole community will become a public playground." To determine whether this is a slippery slope fallacy, what is the most critical question to ask?

An employee proposes allowing one day of remote work per week, and the supervisor says: "Once we agree to that, everyone will stop coming to the office, and the company will eventually fall apart." The employee wants to respond with a well-founded argument without being accused of name-calling. Which approach is most appropriate?