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QuestionsAppeals to Authority, Popularity, and Tradition

Multiple choice (all correct options required) · #313

A company plans to launch a customer management system. The department head says, "Top companies in the industry are all using this system, and it is recommended by a well-known expert, so we should definitely use it too." Which of the following two evaluations are the most accurate?

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Answer: AC

  • AThe fact that top companies are using it only shows the system is somewhat popular; it does not prove it is suitable for our company's processes, scale, and cost.✓ Correct. An appeal to popularity only shows popularity, not validity; whether it fits requires evaluation based on the company's specific conditions.
  • BSince a well-known expert recommends it, the system must have been rigorously verified, so we can adopt it directly without further evaluation.✗ Incorrect. This is a classic appeal to authority, treating the expert's opinion as the end of reasoning; one should check whether the expert is relevant, whether there are conflicts of interest, and consider other evidence.
  • CEven if what top companies and the expert say is true, we still need to understand the system's actual cost, staff capability, and migration risks in our company's scenario.✓ Correct. Authority and popular opinion serve only as one piece of evidence; the real decision requires looking at specific applicability, cost, and consequences.
  • DTop companies have large scale and high management standards, so their choices must be right; we should just imitate them.✗ Incorrect. This replaces evidence with the status of "top companies," assuming they cannot be wrong; in fact, overall strength does not mean every specific purchase decision is suitable for other companies.
Explanation:The department head uses an appeal to popularity (top companies all use it) and an appeal to authority (recommended by a well-known expert) to persuade. These increase credibility but do not automatically prove the system suits the company. The correct approach is to treat them as one piece of evidence and continue asking about applicability, cost, personnel capability, and other specific grounds.
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